Proj

Arnaud Mayeux Jujian Zhang

0.1 Homogeneous Submonoids

Let \(A\) be a graded ring.

Definition 1
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We say \(S\) is a homogeneous submonoid of \(A\) if \(S\) is a submonoid of \(A\) and for every \(s \in S\), \(s\) is a homogeneous element of \(A\).

If \(A\) is graded by \(M\) where \(M\) is an abelian group written additively, then \(A_{S}\) is a graded ring by \(M\) as well.

Definition 3
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Let \(S\) be a homogeneous submonoid of \(A\), we define \(\deg (S)\) to be the submonoid of \(M\) to be

\[ \{ i | \exists x \in S, x \in A_i\} . \]